History of Refugee Organizations
- Bon Habler
- Feb 20, 2025
- 8 min read
Updated: Apr 9, 2025
UNHCR, UNRWA, UNRRA, UNKRA, ..
There are/ were so many refugee organizations related to UN and its predecessor, the League of Nations. Here is the timeline of such refugee organizations.
1914: CRB - Commission for Relief in Belgium - Wikipedia (Founded by Hoover)
1919: ARA - American Relief Administration - Wikipedia (The director was Hoover)
(1920: League of Nations)
1942: MERRA (Middle East Relief and Refugee Administration)
1943: UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, the origin of Marshall Plan)
1946: IRO (International Refugee Organization)
1949: UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East)
1950: UNKRA (United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency, Dec. 1),
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Dec. 14)
During WWI - Hoover and Red Cross
During WWI, CRB -Commission for Relief in Belgium and ARA - American Relief Administration were established / managed by Hoover. CRB mainly distribute food to Belgium (including American civilians and troops, sometimes arrested by Germany in Belgium) after Germany occupied there. At that time, Hoover helped the people who were purged by Russian Revolution and Armenian Genocide (the Battle of Gallipoli) in Belgium and it is know as American Relief Expedition.
The American Relief Expedition was a private and public effort to return Europe-bound American citizens to the United States at the start of the First World War. At the outbreak of the First World War, approximately 100,000 to 200,000 Americans were in Europe.[1] The war led to a collapse of foreign credit and exchange that left many unable to purchase transport home. and exchange that left many unable to purchase transport home.
CRB expanded its scope, and ARA was stablished in 1919. It distributed food to 23 European countries, especially close to Soviet (such as Poland, Armenia, Czech, Russia, Finland, etc.). In 1921, Russia (under Lenin) experienced a severe famine. And ARA "helped" Russia by food distribution. However, it is likely that ARA expanded their spy networks within Soviet by pretending as benevolent activity.
Also, SS Red Cross (Red Cross Ship) was active in Europe during WWI. (The Mercy Ship Expedition, 1914-1915 · Hopkins and the Great War · Exhibits: The Sheridan Libraries and Museums) This kind of act for refugees and war captives were already conducted by Red Cross at least since the Crimean War or Geneva Convention (which defined the diplomatic immunity of medical workers of Red Cross). Hoover's organizations like CRB and ARA often cooperated with Red Cross,. Seemingly, Red Cross dramatically increased its members during WWI. Perhaps, the organization itself absorbed the "refugees". Just within 4 yeas, the adult members increased from 16708 to 20390173 (20 million!). In addition, it acquired 11418385 "junior" members and 8100000 volunteer workers, which did not exist in 1914. This number is impossible without accepting refugees as members. Also, "paid staffs" are only 12300 which is similar to the adult members in 1914. And their contribution (fund received) dramatically increased in 1918. So, it is likely that they accepted the refugees (Russian and Armenians) to get refugee fund. such refugees may have been reused as soldiers because they have the category "Red Cross nurses enrolled for service with military -23882).
During WWII - Palestine Refugees and UN
1942: MERRA (Middle East Relief and Refugee Administration)
1943: UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, the origin of Marshall Plan)
In 1942, UK established MERRA (Middle East Relief and Refugee Administration) mainly to help European refugees who lost their home due to the invasion by Stalin Soviet and Germany (this description implies that Germany (East) and Soviet cooperated each other to fight against their mutual enemy, unlike the current history.)
References:
The Middle East Relief and Refugee Administration (MERRA), established by the British in 1942, placed around 40,000 Europeans in camps set up in Syria, Egypt and Palestine. The Europeans stayed in the camps until the war was over and then returned to their countries or went to a third country.
In 1943, UNRRA - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was established, and it became the origin of the modern United Nations. Also, it is said that UNRRA is the origin of Marshall Plan.
As I explained in the past articles, the years - 1942/ 1943 are the same era of Eastern Front, Don Front, Stalingrad Front etc., when Stalin purged Khrushchev faction from Soviet by cooperating with Germany (Perhaps, Germany also had two factions. The one cooperated with Stalin and the other was an ally of Lenin-Khrushchev type industrial revolutionists).
So, perhaps, "UNRRA" was originally "UN Russian Refugee Agency" or some. UN organizations often change their name to falsify their origin. For example, "WA" in UNRWA symbolized "West Asia" in 1970s. It is surprising but it never has had the most important alphabet P of Palestine in their abbreviated name. (Why not UNPRA?)
Transferred from Beirut in 1978, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in West Asia (UNRWA) was provisionally headquartered at the VIC before it was relocated to Gaza City in 1997.
Postwar Era, 1946 -
1946: IRO (International Refugee Organization)
1949: UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East)
1950: UNKRA (United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency, Dec. 1),
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Dec. 14)
In 1946, IRO (International Refugee Organization) was established to deal with the "massive refugees" created by WWII. Interestingly, their constitution intentionally excluded German origin people or people who moved to postwar Germany (possibly, "East Germany"). So, they intentionally rejected to deal with German origin "war victors". Then, who were the "massive refugees"? - Obviously, they were close to the war criminals side.
The constitution specified the organization's field of operations. Controversially, the constitution defined "persons of German ethnic origin" who had been expelled, or were to be expelled from their countries of birth into the postwar Germany, as individuals who would "not be the concern of the Organization."
In 1949, UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) was established to help refugees in Middle East. Such refugees are called "Palestine Refugees", but originally, UNRWA helped the people who lost their home in the 1948 Independence War of Israel. So, the Palestine refugees are "colonists of British Mandate Palestine". And these people were the main targets of MERRA - namely, the people who were purged by German invasion or Soviet invasion in the 1940s.
In 1950, same kind of people established UNKRA in Korea (the cause of the Korean War) and UNHCR.
In conclusion, such refugee organizations help war criminals of WWI and WWII as "refugees". They force countries to accept such refugees under the name of humanitarianism, however, such refugees caused a big crisis several times.
Offshoot 1: Mystery of Russian Revolution and Stalingrad Front
Two major historic events - Russian Revolution and Stalingrad Front - are still difficult to understand for me because the language control about the events is too severe. There is a large amount of fake information, and I can not detect which is correct or not.
In such case, normally I rely on official statistics to approach to the truth. However, it is almost impossible to find an official statistical data in the Russian Revolution era.
The second way of truth seeking is to read lots of articles (possibly close to the official information) and try to find a coherent explanation. As for Russian Revolution, there are various possibilities. For example,
Current Historic Description: Romanov Dynasty fallen during the February Revolution of 1917 (February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution). And Lenin / Trotsky caused the October Revolution to oust the Bourgeois regime of the February Revolution. The February Revolution was led by Georgy Lvov, who cooperated with Red Cross and Global Commercial Alliance. And the Bourgeois of the February Revolution were arrested by Lenin after he seized the power.
Dispute: In 2010s, there were many hysteric cyber attacks which resented "Trotskyists". Such cyber terrorists spread the trap of AI revolution, namely, they are a part of industrial revolutionists as well as Lenin. So, there is a possibility of a conflict between Leninists and Trotskyists. Also, the cyber terrorists are orthodox Christians. Thus, there is a high possibility that Trotsky purged orthodox Christians and Romanov. In fact, Trotsky was a son of a landlord, not a labor class. But such Christians (the Russian refugees helped by the League of Nations and other UN refugee organizations) want to conceal the function of Trotsky. In the current description, Lenin side is an industrial revolutionists (Jesuit Christian) and the leader of the February Revolution (Lvov) is also pro-industrial revolution and pro-Christian. Propagandists often try to eliminate the possibility to get out from Christianity, and write all faction was cooperated with Christianity or Industrial Revolutionists.
Offshoot 2: War in the Foundation of Mathematics
I met similar tactic of language control when I researched about the conflict in the Foundation of Mathematics in my graduate school. (** The era of the War in the Foundation of Mathematics is exactly the same as the WWI and II. And the main place of the math war was in Gottingen, Germany.)
Current Historic Description: There was a crisis of mathematical foundation in the early of the 20th century. Bertrand Russell discovered a paradox in the Set Theory, which was considered as a foundation (basis) of all other mathematics. Since a defect was found in the foundation of math which sustains all other mathematics, mathematicians started several projects to solve this problem, The one is mathematical logicism led by Russel himself and he considered that logicism is a program comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of 'logic' – mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic (especially Aristotle Logic). Second one is Mathematical Formalism by David Hilbert. He considered that mathematics is just a manipulation of strings and it is like a game, so there is no meaning within mathematics. It became the origin of computer science. And the last one is the mathematical intuitionism. It gave up the absoluteness of mathematics and accepted ambiguity. This school became the origin of modern probability.
First, I was searching for a correct schools within the three factions. But gradually, I found that all of the three factions came from Romanov/ Habsburg/ Industrialist faction. In the end, I got to know that Russel (or the all three factions) wanted to destroy Set Theory itself because Set Theory is only one mathematics which can prove the inexistence of e (natural logarithm) and i (imaginary number), which is needed for the all Complex Analysis (the mathematical basis of Machine Learning) and Modern Probability.
In the medieval age, mathematicians fought against pseudo-mathematics which were introduced by Occult Renaissance. Possibly, they rejected imaginary number and purged such fake mathematicians as "magicians" (witch hunt). Of course, such Renaissance sustains the theoretical part of Habsburg.
In any case, the "correct faction" was Set Theory which Russel originally criticized. And there was no better option among the three factions in the era of the Mathematical Foundation War. However, most people try to choose one among the "conflicted factions" due to the recognition trap.
As going back to the mystery of Russian revolution, maybe the best faction existed before the Revolution - for example, Ivan the Terrible or even before. And Romanov Christians try to confuse the reality by making several choices which only include fake ones or mixed blood of truth and false. What Stalin did was very close to what Ivan the Terrible. However, in the current history, Ivan the Terrible accepted Russian orthodox church to fight against Jesuit. It is very unnatural because Jesuit is Janissary origin - crypto-orthodox Christian.
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