Yugoslavia 1: Dissolution of Socialist Yugoslavia and Related Refugees
- Admin Gauge
- Mar 19, 2025
- 7 min read
Yugoslavia as Soviet in Balkan
I have investigated about the history of Austria-Hungary and Germany this month. The history is almost always deeply falsified, and it is still difficult to discover the real consistent historical description. Today, I will write about more recent example - Yugoslavia Wars (1991-2001). This is one of the earliest example of the war criminals courts held by ICC - the Hague.
Background Summary
Although it was occupied by Germany and Young Turks during WWI, Yugoslavia became a kingdom during the interwar period of WWI and II. However, Germany and Italy occupied the Yugoslavia again since 1941. It became the independent state of Croatia in 1943. Many anti-Germany faction people were purged during the era, and such refugees were also helped by MERRA and sent to refugee camps in North Africa and Middle East. After the WWII, Josip Broz Tito became the prime minister of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. Tito was fighting against Germany during WWII. He had a bad relationship with Stalin, but improved the relation during Khrushchev era. Yugoslavia may have dual structure during the Socialist Republic era just like Russia. Socialist part was fighting against Federalist part. Since the end of 1980s, Kosovo war became intense. Since June of 1991 (before the fall of Soviet),several countries became independent from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, such as Slovenia and Croatia (June 25, 1991), Macedonia (September 8, 1991), Kosovo (September 22, 1991) etc.
The dissolution of Yugoslavia happened before the fall of Soviet. So, it is an important theme because it may have been a trigger of the fall of Soviet as well as the war in Afghanistan. In fact, the oldest web page of Red Cross in 1996 focused on the war in the Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Internet Archive.
This is the numbers of Red Cross staffs in each region in 1996. It is obvious that Yugoslavia had the largest number. (Source: Humanitarian action in current armed conflicts: opportunities and obstacles)
You can find that the places with higher Red Cross staff are almost the same as the origin of global terrorists. I wrote about the danger of Pakistan/ Afghanistan refugees. As for Somalia and Ethiopia, it is the first mission of CENTCOM. I have not written about Yugoslavia yet. But in this context, it is easy to imagine that Yugoslavia could be also a prime terrorist hub.
Region/state | ICRCExpatriate Staff | Local Staff | Main Activity |
Europe | - | - | - |
Former Yugoslavia | 214 | 762 | All, esp relief/detention activities |
Turkey | none | - | - |
Ex-Soviet Union | - | - | - |
Nagorno-Karabakh | 17 | 50 | relief/detention |
Tajikistan | 15 | 26 | relief |
Americas | - | - | - |
Colombia | 15 | 30 | protection/relief |
Guatemala | 3 | 15 | detention |
Peru | 38 | 53 | protection/relief |
Africa | - | - | - |
Angola | 11 | 32 | relief |
Rwanda-Burundi | 30 | 82 | relief/dissemination |
Chad | none | - | - |
Ethiopia | 27 | 100 | detention/relief |
Liberia | 6 | 39 | relief/dissemination |
Mozambique | 50 | 255 | relief/tracing agency |
Somalia | 48 | 549 | relief/water/medical |
South Africa | 28 | 40 | detention/relief |
Sudan | 71 | 491 | medical/relief |
Western Sahara | none | - | occasional activities |
(Ivory Coast | 7 | 23 | relief) |
(Zaire | 9 | 21 | dissemination) |
Middle East | - | - | - |
Iraq (inc Kurdish areas) | 11 | 70 | relief/detention |
Iraq (Shiites) | none | - | - |
Israel-Occupied Territory | 31 | 70 | observation GVA Conv./detention |
Lebanon | 8 | 52 | observation GVA Conv./detention |
Asia | - | - | - |
Afghanistan | 29 | 309 | medical/relief/detention |
India (Punjab) | none | - | - |
Jammu-Kashmir | none | - | - |
Sri Lanka | 39 | 238 | protection/detention |
Pakistan | 516 | medical/relief) | |
Far East | - | - | - |
Myanmar | 2 | 14 | prosthesis workshop |
Cambodia | 48 | 210 | medical/relief/detention |
(Indonesia (East Timor) (China/Tibet | 6 none) | 32 | water engineering) |
Refugees in Yugoslavia and Italy in 1980s
Last time, I mentioned about the issue of the Polish Vatican Pope John Paul II. Vatican Pope had been Italians since 1523 to 1978, until the the Pope right before John Paul II. Seemingly, his predecessor John Paul I was killed and he died 33 days after the inauguration. Since then, suddenly a Polish man from Krakow (near Auschwitz) became the Vatican Pope. After him, a man from Bavaria (the place of Habsburg) became the Pope. And the next Pope is the first Jesuit Pope in the history.
So, it seems that Vatican has been hijacked by war criminal community since 1978. Seemingly, Italy started to accept refugees from Afghanistan and Russia (anti-communists) since 1980. And such refugees disappeared around 1990. Assumingly, the war criminals hijacked Italy since 1978 and welcomed such refugees as a preparation of invasion against Yugoslavia.
Here are the graph and chart (1980) about the acceptance of refugees in Italy. Until 1979, Italy had refugees whose origin is unknown. However, in 1980, Italy suddenly accepted refugees from Russia (10821, Green), Vietnam (2418, Pink) etc. Russian refugees in this context is the anti-communist refugees (Khrushchev faction), and Vietnam refugees were also anti-communist side because they escaped the communist government who won the Vietnam war (1955-1975). In addition, Italy also accepted lots of refugees from East Europe (possible the survivor of Austria-Hungary). And such anti-communist refugees gradually disappeared from Italy since 1989. In the late of 1980s, the refugees included those who from Afghanistan and Iran (Iranian refugees as often Afghanistan refugees who stayed in Iran).
Year | Country of origin | Country of asylum | Refugees under UNHCR's mandate |
1980 | Russian Federation | Italy | 10821 |
1980 | Unknown | Italy | 3604 |
1980 | Viet Nam | Italy | 2418 |
1980 | Romania | Italy | 772 |
1980 | Hungary | Italy | 763 |
1980 | Poland | Italy | 421 |
1980 | Czechia | Italy | 393 |
1980 | Chile | Italy | 375 |
1980 | Bulgaria | Italy | 329 |
1980 | Serbia and Kosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999) * | Italy | 270 |
1980 | Ethiopia | Italy | 218 |
1980 | Libya | Italy | 205 |
1980 | Afghanistan | Italy | 191 |
Mystery of "Serbia and Kosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999)"
Aside from Italy, the statistics of "Serbia and Kosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999)" is a bit mysterious. First of all, there was no country called Serbia and Kosovo. And "S/RES/ 1244 (1999)" means a UN resolution about the establishment of UN Mission in Kosovo.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1244,[1] adopted on 10 June 1999, after recalling resolutions 1160 (1998), 1199 (1998), 1203 (1998) and 1239 (1999), authorised an international civil and military presence in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia[2][3] and established the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK).
Here is the refugee acceptance in such "Serbia and Kosovo S/RES/1244(1999)". One big mysterious point of this graph is that the data started in 1965 although the UNSC resolution was adopted in 1999, or at most 1998 in the same topic.
The earliest part is too small because the refugees since 1990s are too big compared to the earliest refugee numbers. The following graph is the magnified version of the same data (1965-1976). The first refugee groups came from Greece, and assumingly they escaped Greece related to the German/ Italian puppet government of Greece (1941-?) or Turkish invasion of Cyprus since 1956. Also, small part of the refugees came from Hungary and Albania.
And then, suddenly Russian refugees arrived in 1966 (possibly pro-Khrushchev faction after the fall of Khrushchev regime). Such people disappeared from the data in 1967. And then, since 1971, the majority of refugees became "origin unknown". There was no refugees since 1978 -1992.
Perhaps, the anti-communist group first arrived at Balkan Peninsula, and then, they moved to Italy after the Polish Pope accomplished the hijack of Vatican in 1978. The refugees who arrived in Italy in 1980s were mostly Russians, Vietnamese (anti-communist side), and East Europeans. All of them have East Orthodox church background or anti-communist background.
Summary
The reconquista against Socialist Yugoslavia was gradually prepared since 1965 in "Serbia and Kosovo". Such anti-communists were functioned as soldiers against the post-war liberal governments. And then, such soldiers moved to Italy in 1980s after one of their ally killed the Italian Pope in 1978. Such refugees also included from Russia (Khrushchev faction), East Europe (past Austria-Hungary Empire), Vietnam (anti-communist side), Afghanistan and Iran (maybe Afghanistan refugees who stayed in Iran). They started to disappear from Italy around 1989.
Assumingly, they were sent to Yugoslavia to cause the dissolution of the Socialist Yugoslavia (Soviet puppet government) during the first phase of the Yugoslav War (1991-2001). Socialist Yugoslavia was gradually dissolved since June, 1991 (the independence of Slovenia and Croatia).
Since then, Kosovo established an independent state but it was attacked by Serbian faction (maybe supported by the UN mission). War continued around Kosovo. So, UN backed "Serbia and Kosovo" accepted about 500k refugees from Bosnia/ Herzegovina and Croatia.
In addition, Italy accepted many refugees (50k -70k) whose origin is mostly unknown (the orange part is from Somalia) in 1993-1994. Since 1995, the refugees mainly came from the area of Yugoslavia war such as "Serbia and Kosovo S/RES/1244 (1999) = UN mission Serbia" (27873), North Macedonia (12360), Croatia (10099), Bosnia and Herzegovina (8276) etc.). The majority of such refugees were likely to be the UN/ Serbia faction.
In such era, NATO bombed Serbia in 1995 and 1999. It is said that Italy and Germany led this operation. Although the current history describes as if NATO attack was a part of the cooperation with UN, it seems that UN mission side supported the "Serbia and Bosnia". Italy/ Germany alliance was likely to have attacked the pro-UN Serbia faction just like in the WWII. In fact, the UN led tribunal for the Yugoslavia War also criticized NATO for its war crime. So, there was a conflict between UN=Entente and NATO, at least until then. I will explain this incident in the next article.
And in 1998, the refugees in Italy suddenly disappeared. At that time, Italy experienced a regime change to a leftist party. Perhaps, the bomb in 1999 was conducted to terminate the crimes committed by such Serbian (pro-UN) and Somalian refugees. Somalian refugees are also imperial navy (pirates) whose origin is shared by the Entente of WWI. In fact, Red Cross already had a big mission in Somalia as I attached above.
It is noted that Afghanistan refugees in Italy also gradually increased since 2007 (US withdrawal of Iraq) and they became one of the largest origins of refugees in 2023.
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